Top Ten Global Risks Ranked by Severity- Based on the World Economic Forum Global Risks Perception Survey 2024–2025

Global Risks Ranked by Severity Over the Short and Long Term - A Focus on the Philippines
Based on the World Economic Forum Global Risks Perception Survey 2024–2025

 Author Disclaimer:

This article is a study and a reflection of my PERSONAL PERSPECTIVE, formulated from various frameworks and best practices I have encountered in my academic and professional journey. The examples and figures presented are conceptual and should be treated as guiding principles, not as real-world scenarios or COMPLETELY validated data. Readers are advised to use the content herein as a reference for exploring ideas and strategies, not as a definitive source of operational frameworks or policy implementation. While the insights aim to inspire critical thinking and understanding, they are not grounded in empirical research or official government practices. Users should exercise discretion and seek further research or professional guidance when applying these principles to real-life situations. ~JHMENOR

As the global landscape continues to evolve, countries like the Philippines face a complex array of interconnected risks that will shape their development trajectories over both the short and long term. The World Economic Forum's Global Risks Perception Survey for 2024–2025 provides valuable insight into how these challenges are ranked by severity. For the Philippines, the top ten global risks over two years are as follows:

1. Misinformation and Disinformation

2. Extreme Weather Events

3. Societal Polarization

4. State-Based Armed Conflict

5. Cyber Espionage and Warfare

6. Pollution

7. Inequality

8. Involuntary Migration or Displacement

9. Geo-Economic Confrontation

10. Erosion of Human Rights and/or Civic Freedoms

1. Misinformation and Disinformation

Topping the list for the second consecutive year, misinformation and disinformation pose a significant threat to democratic processes, social cohesion, and public trust in institutions. In the Philippines, where social media penetration is among the highest in the world, the proliferation of misleading content can distort electoral outcomes, erode faith in governance, and exacerbate divisions. Disinformation campaigns—often originating from both domestic and foreign actors—can influence public opinion on national security, health policies, and international relations, making it a foundational risk with cascading consequences.

2. Extreme Weather Events

As an archipelagic nation highly exposed to typhoons, floods, and rising sea levels, the Philippines remains vulnerable to extreme weather events driven by climate change. These natural disasters threaten infrastructure, displace communities, and severely impact agriculture and fisheries, which are vital to the country's food security and economy. The economic and humanitarian toll of these events makes climate resilience a national priority.

3. Societal Polarization

Political, ideological, and economic divides are increasingly straining the social fabric of Filipino society. Online echo chambers, amplified by disinformation, deepen mistrust between groups and reduce the space for constructive discourse. If left unchecked, societal polarization could manifest in civil unrest, weakened governance, and challenges to policy implementation.

4. State-Based Armed Conflict

While the Philippines is not directly involved in large-scale state-on-state warfare, rising tensions in the South China Sea and broader geopolitical instability in the Asia-Pacific region increase the likelihood of conflict. Escalations between major powers could draw the country into unwanted disputes, particularly given its strategic alliances and contested maritime claims.

5. Cyber Espionage and Warfare

Digital infrastructure is increasingly critical to national security, public services, and business operations. The Philippines, like many nations, is exposed to cyberattacks targeting government agencies, critical infrastructure, and private entities. Cyber threats undermine public confidence and could cripple essential services, making cybersecurity a vital concern.

6. Pollution

Urbanization and industrialization have led to air and water pollution in major cities and ecological degradation in rural areas. Pollution contributes to health issues, reduces life expectancy, and diminishes the quality of life, particularly for vulnerable populations. Addressing this requires stricter regulations and sustainable development policies.

7. Inequality

Economic inequality—both income-based and regional—remains a persistent challenge. Disparities in access to education, healthcare, and employment opportunities hinder inclusive growth and foster resentment, feeding into broader societal divisions. Policies that promote equitable development are essential for long-term stability.

8. Involuntary Migration or Displacement

Climate change, conflict, and economic hardship have triggered internal displacement and migration abroad. The Philippines is both a source and a destination of migrants, and displacement, especially due to natural disasters, disrupts communities and places strain on government resources and social services.

9. Geo-Economic Confrontation

In an era of shifting trade alliances and economic rivalry, particularly between global powers like the US and China, the Philippines must navigate complex international relationships. Trade restrictions, sanctions, or economic coercion could disrupt growth and supply chains, underscoring the importance of diversified economic strategies.

10. Erosion of Human Rights and/or Civic Freedoms

Though ranked tenth, the gradual erosion of civil liberties and political rights poses a long-term risk to democratic governance and social stability. In a digital age, surveillance, censorship, and suppression of dissent can expand under the guise of security, challenging the balance between freedom and order.

Conclusion

The Philippines faces a multifaceted risk landscape shaped by digital threats, climate vulnerability, geopolitical tensions, and societal strains. While some risks like misinformation and extreme weather are immediate and highly visible, others, such as inequality and erosion of rights, evolve more subtly but are no less dangerous. To address these challenges, the country must invest in resilient institutions, inclusive policies, and regional cooperation—while fostering a well-informed public capable of navigating the uncertainties of the future.

Reference: https://reports.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Global_Risks_Report_2025.pdf